Avascular Necrosis of the Hip

Overview:

Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the hip, also known as osteonecrosis, refers to the death of bone

tissue due to a lack of blood supply. This condition leads to weakening, collapse, and eventual

deformity of the femoral head, which is the upper part of the thigh bone that fits into the hip

socket. Without treatment, AVN can progress to arthritis and cause significant disability.

Causes and Risk Factors:

The exact cause of AVN is not always clear, but it can be associated with several factors,

including:

• Trauma or injury to the hip.

• Long-term use of corticosteroids.

• Excessive alcohol consumption.

• Underlying health conditions, such as sickle cell disease or lupus.

• Exposure to high pressure (decompression sickness).

• Certain medical treatments like radiation.

Symptoms and Diagnosis:

Initially, patients may not experience any symptoms. As the condition progresses, pain often

develops in the hip, particularly when bearing weight or engaging in activities. Diagnosis is

typically confirmed through imaging studies, such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans, which can

illustrate changes in the bone structure.

Treatment Approaches at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital:

Under the guidance of Dr. Manish Dhawan, our treatment strategies for AVN focus on

preserving the hip joint and restoring its function. Treatment options vary depending on the

stage of the disease:

• Non-Surgical Management: In early stages, interventions may include lifestyle

modifications, physical therapy to maintain joint mobility and strength, and medications to

manage pain.

• Core Decompression: This surgical procedure is used for early-stage AVN. It

involves drilling into the necrotic area to relieve pressure and create a new blood supply,

promoting healing.

• Bone Grafting and Regenerative Techniques: Advanced techniques, including the

injection of bone morphogenic proteins, may be employed to enhance bone repair and growth.

• Hip Distraction Arthroplasty: